Legal And Ethical Issues
Legal standards are set forth in the form of written laws passed by governments. Ethical considerations are based on the principles of right and wrong and guide how laws can be obeyed. These issues include confidentiality and anonymity, informed consent, criminalization laws, disability and discrimination, and HIV reporting requirements.
Washington State Hiv Prevention Detailing Program
Consultations can cover:
- How to talk with your patients about PrEP
- Incorporating PrEP into your primary care practice
- Latest guidelines for STI screening and treatment
Visits are:
- Easy to schedule, with multiple times to choose from
- One-on-One
Supporting Washington State goals to End AIDS Washington, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services strategy to End the HIV Epidemic by 2030, the MWAETC Washington State HIV Prevention Detailing Program provides focused education, technical assistance, and resources for primary care providers to support their efforts to reduce newly acquired HIV infections across Washington.
The goal of our program is to reduce HIV disparities and increase PrEP uptake among members of underserved and at-risk populations. This is achieved by supporting providers via personalized one-on-one education, tools, and resources to help increase their knowledge and comfort with HIV risk assessment and screening, sexual history taking, and PrEP prescribing.
Through a series of brief 15-minute structured virtual consultations by trained clinical experts, MWAETC faculty deliver individually tailored training and technical assistance, grounded in evidence-based clinical practice, to aid providers in incorporating best practices in HIV Prevention into their clinical care.
Hiv/aids 4hr Online Certification Course
This HIV/Aids training will fulfill the Washington State Department of Licensing requirements for all health-related professions under the disciplinary authority of the Uniform Disciplinary Act .The 4-hour program covers Etiology and Epidemiology of HIV, transmission and infection control, psychological, legal and ethical issues.
This course is completed on-line and you will receive a certificate of completion at the end of the on-line course.
$80 per person
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Where To Get Tested
Most health care providers and clinics provide HIV testing and counseling. Many organizations throughout the state offer HIV testing and counseling for free, or at a reduced cost for people who can’t afford it, do not have health insurance, or don’t have a health care provider.
The Office of Infectious Disease provides rapid HIV, laboratory-based testing, and HIV Self-Testing kits and training to the community testing programs listed below to increase access to HIV testing. The program information may be slightly different than listed so please reach out to the individual program for more information. Depending on the type of HIV test and the test results, individuals may need a follow up tests provided by a health care provider.
If you have questions or feedback about the list, .
Patient Management And Care
Optimal care of people with HIV/AIDS includes antiviral therapies, health maintenance, and referral to support services in addition to an emphasis on prevention of transmission to uninfected partners.
HIV/AIDS SELF-MANAGEMENT
Those with HIV/AIDS require medical intervention as well as behavioral interventions. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement notes that it is extremely important that patients with HIV/AIDS play a major role in managing their own condition. Each patient has unique desired outcomes and needs that require appropriate interventions. Each patient should be given basic information about HIV/AIDS and its treatment assistance with self-management skill building and ongoing support from the healthcare team, family, friends, and community.
The IHI recommends that self-management include:
- Collaborative goal setting
- Monitoring of symptoms
- Lifestyle modifications to improve overall health and well-being, such as healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation
- Strict adherence to prescribed dosage and frequency of antiretroviral medications
- Good communication with the healthcare team, family members, and others
- Involvement in ongoing problem-solving to overcome potential barriers
CASE MANAGEMENT
- Primary medical care
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Washington Hiv/aids Awareness And Prevention Class
Course For HIV/AIDS provides access to the HIV/AIDS Awareness And Prevention Class, an educational program that may be required in the state of Washington by the court, a legal order, a legal representative, a parole or probation officer, an employer, or other entity.
Many employers require that their workers receive regular training on this topic. This training is generally provided on initial assignment, regularly thereafter, and when new or modified tasks or procedures may increase the potential for exposure to HIV/AIDS.
This online HIV/AIDS Awareness And Prevention Class provides meaningful content intended to educate students on the prevalence and incidence of HIV, how to identify and test for HIV/AIDS, treatment, transmission prevention, infection control in healthcare facilities, special populations affected by HIV/AIDS, and applicable state laws.
Neuropsychiatric Effects Of Hiv/aids
The term neuropsychiatric encompasses a broad range of medical conditions that involve both neurology and psychiatry. There is a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders among those infected with HIV, which may be related to the direct effect of the virus, preexisting psychiatric conditions, personality vulnerabilities, affective disorders, addictions, and responses to social isolation.
HIV itself increases the risk of neuropsychiatric conditions because it causes major inflammation within the body. The entire brain, including the lining, becomes inflamed as a result of the bodys immune response, causing irritation and swelling of brain tissue and/or blood vessels, resulting in nontraumatic brain damage over the long term. Having brain damage such as this is a known risk factor for the development of a neuropsychiatric condition.
Because HIV affects the immune system, the person also has an increased risk for other infections that can affect the brain and nervous system and lead to changes in behavior and functioning.
Starting antiretroviral therapy can affect a persons mental health in different ways. Some antiretroviral medications have been known to cause symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance and may make some mental health conditions worse .
DEPRESSION
Critical crisis points are common entry points for the development of depression in HIV-infected people and can include:
- Initial HIV diagnosis
- Difficulty concentrating
- Thoughts of suicide
ANXIETY
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Hiv/aids 7hr Online Certification Course
This HIV/Aids training will fulfill the Washington State Department of Licensing requirements for all health-related professions under the disciplinary authority of the Uniform Disciplinary Act . The 7-hour program covers Etiology and Epidemiology of HIV, transmission and infection control, psychological, legal and ethical issues.
This course is completed on-line and you will receive a certificate of completion at the end of the on-line course.
$100 per person
What Is The Know Hiv/aids Document
The 1988 Washington State Omnibus Law requires that certain people have HIV/AIDS education. If you are obtaining health care credential you must have this training.
Also, if you are an employee of state licensed or certified health care facility, you need to have HIV/AIDS training. You can find HIV/AIDS trainings that fulfill certification or licensing requirements HIV/AIDS Classes for Licensure.
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Ongoing Management Of Hiv
Because of antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections have become less common, and patients with HIV now have a nearly normal life expectancy. The majority of infected patients die from non-AIDS-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, renal disease, liver disease, malignancies, and other age-related illnesses. Many of these begin to develop at an earlier age than in uninfected people. In addition, there is a range of long-term complications that might occur for those individuals who in the past were treated with the older antiretroviral drugs.
It is the role of primary healthcare providers to oversee and coordinate the multidisciplinary services necessary for the best health outcomes for HIV-infected patients. Following initial evaluation, follow-up visits depend on the patients stage of HIV infection, the type of antiretroviral therapy the patient is taking, other comorbidities, and complications.
MONITORING FOR HEMATOLOGIC, RENAL, AND HEPATITIS TOXICITY
Because HIV is associated either directly or secondarily with comorbid conditions such as bone marrow abnormalities and kidney and liver function problems, patients require monitoring for hematologic, renal, and hepatitis toxicity. Monitoring may include:
MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND DISEASE
Following baseline screening, dyslipidemia screening is done:
Preventive care involves encouraging lifestyle changes, changing ART medication regimen, or treating with statin drugs.
CHRONIC PAIN
FATIGUE
Hiv Testing And Counseling
About 1 in 7 people in the United State who have HIV do not know they are infected and are not aware of their risk. HIV infection goes undiagnosed in over 50% of HIV-positive 13- to 24-year-olds.
The only way people can know they are infected with HIV is if they get tested. People who are aware of their positive status can then receive treatment that can help them to remain healthy for many years, and the sooner they begin treatment following diagnosis, the more they can benefit. People who test negative for HIV can also be prepared to make more informed decisions about matters of sex, drug use, and healthcare. Those who are HIV-negative and are at very high risk, may begin HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis , which is highly effective for prevention of HIV .
SOCIAL BARRIERS TO TESTING
Some of the social barriers that prevent accessing HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy include gender inequality and harmful gender norms that are rooted in cultural practices and laws, the influence of masculine ideology on risk-tasking behaviors, stigma, racism, and homophobia. Discrimination, stigma, and homophobia remain prevalent against racial/ethnic and sexual minorities, people who inject drugs, and HIV-positive individuals, which often discourages them from seeking testing, prevention, and treatment services. Language barriers and concerns about immigration status present additional challenges in accessing HIV testing, prevention, and treatment .
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Origin And Strains Of Hiv
DNA analysis has identified the HIV-1 virus as originating in a strain of chimpanzees in Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, around 1920. Chimpanzees were hunted for food, and it is believed that the simian version of the virus was most likely transmitted to humans following contact with the animals infected blood after ingestion of the meat. The simian immunodeficiency virus then mutated into the human form of the virus. HIV has existed in the United States at least since the mid to late 1970s .
HIV, like other viruses, changes over time, resulting in different strains of the virus. There are two main types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the most common, while HIV-2 is less common and accounts for fewer infections. The strains of HIV-1 can be classified into four groups: M, N, O, and P. The N, O, and P strains are quite uncommon, while group M is responsible for approximately 95% of all infections worldwide.
In 2020 a new strain of HIV was found for the first time in nearly 20 years. The newly discovered strain is part of group M and has been labelled as sub-type L. This new strain is important, but it does not pose a new public health threat since it occurs rarely and can be effectively treated with existing antiretrovirals .
Online Course On Hiv/aids For Healthcare Workers In Washington State Information Provided By Know Hiv / Aids Curriculum Manual Wa State Department Of Health
In Washington state, you are required to have AIDS education if you work as a health care professional or in a state licensed or certified health care facility in Washington want to get a license, certification or registration to practice a regulated health care profession in Washington state.
According to WAC 246-12-270, this course will cover etiology and epidemiology testing and counseling infection control guidelines clinical manifestations and treatment legal and ethical issues to include confidentiality and psychosocial issues to include special population considerations.
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Testing Approaches And Reporting Results
There are three approaches by which HIV testing is implemented and carried out. They include:
- Point-of-care testing is done onsite where the patient is receiving services. Most rapid HIV testing is done in nonclinical settings. The results of these rapid tests are often provided in less than one hour or even within minutes.
- Home testing is an effective method for reaching people who are not otherwise getting tested.
- Laboratory-based testing involves testing done in an approved laboratory, with the person returning at a later date for the test result and counseling.
HIV test results are reported as negative, positive, or indeterminate.
A negative test result means the person is unlikely to be infected with HIV. However, if the HIV test is done following a recent potential HIV exposure and the result is negative, testing should be done again after the window period. If the result of an HIV test within 3 months following a potential HIV exposure is negative, repeat testing should be done again in 3 months for confirmation. Diagnosing a recently acquired HIV infection is important because this is the period when viral levels are high and the person is most likely to transmit HIV to someone else.
If the test results are positive, a follow-up test will be conducted for confirmation.
If the follow-up test is also positive, the person is diagnosed with HIV infection.
- Specimen mix-up
- Misinterpretation of a visually read rapid test result
Biological causes include:
About The National Hiv Curriculum
The National HIV Curriculum is a free educational website from the University of Washington. This project is funded by the Health Resources and Services Administration .
The National HIV Curriculum provides ongoing, up-to-date information needed to meet the core competency knowledge for HIV prevention, screening, diagnosis, and ongoing treatment and care to healthcare providers in the United States.
Free CME credit, MOC points, CNE contact hours, and CE contact hours are offered throughout this site. Pharmacology CE for advanced practice nurses is also available for many of the activities.
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Hiv/aids Training For Licensure
As of June 11, 2020, Washington state two-, four-, and 7-hour HIV/AIDS trainings are no longer required.
Engrossed Substitute House Bill 1551 repealed statutes concerning AIDS education and training for emergency medical personnel, health professionals, and health care facility employees. In support of ESHB 1551, the Department of Health repealed AIDS education and training requirements for professions and facilities under the Secretary’s authority.
ESHB 1551 added a definition of Bloodborne Pathogen in RCW 70.24.017 to include HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C and eliminated outdated and duplicative statutory requirements for HIV/AIDS occupational exposure education and training for health care professionals and certain categories of employees.
Bloodborne Pathogen Training remains required under Chapter 296-823 WAC adopted by the Department of Labor and Industries. Training conducted in compliance with this rule meets the curriculum requirements for HIV/AIDS training. Contact your employer or the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries for more information and training options.
Other Factors Affecting Transmission Risk
Many other factors, alone or in combination, affect the risk of HIV transmission.
HIGH VIRAL LOAD
Viral load refers to the amount of HIV copies present in one milliliter of blood in someone who is HIV positive. Viral load is one of the most important determinants for HIV transmission.
When a person acquires the virus, it replicates in the blood. Initially a persons viral load is typically high, and shortly after acquiring the virus, the load will drop as the immune system starts to fight the virus. Without treatment, however, the viral load will rise again as the virus starts to destroy CD4+ T cells.
As the viral load rises, the more copies of the virus there will be in the blood. The higher the number of copies found in the blood, the higher the number that will be present in other bodily fluids, such as vaginal fluid and semen.
The risk of HIV sexual transmission rises when the viral load is above 1,500 copies/ml. HIV-positive people who are taking HIV medicines and are virally suppressed are much less likely to transmit HIV. However, having a low or undetectable viral load does not eliminate the chance of infecting partners .
OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES/INFECTIONS
People who have a sexually transmitted disease may be at an increased risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. Some of the most common STDs include gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis, human papillomavirus , genital herpes, and hepatitis.
LACK OF CIRCUMCISION
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Etiology And Epidemiology Of Hiv/aids
HIV, the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that spreads via certain body fluids and specifically attacks the CD4+ or T cells of the immune system. CD4+ T cells are also called helper T cells. They are the cornerstones of both inflammatory and regulatory responses of our immune system. T cells are lymphocytes that are predominantly produced in the thymus and play a key role in the immune systems defense of the body against infection. As time passes, the virus can destroy so many of these specialized cells that the immune system no longer is able to fight off infections and disease.
HIV is unique among many other viruses because the body is unable to destroy the HIV completely, even with treatment. As a result, once a person is infected with the virus, the person will have it for the remainder of their life .
A single T cell infected by numerous, spheroid shaped HIV particles .
After the initial infection and without treatment, the virus continues to multiply, and over a period of time , common opportunistic infections begin to take advantage of the bodys very weak immunity. Common OIs can be life-threatening and may include:
- Cryptococcal meningitis
- Esophageal candidiasis
- Certain cancers, such as Kaposis sarcoma
Once they have such an opportunistic infection, the person now is considered to have AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the most advanced stage of the HIV infection .
Knowaids Four Hour Version
This course will cover all topics recommended and provided by the Washington State Health Department as well as expand on many important factors. Our intent is to improve and/or save lives by providing unique, best in its field, one-of-a-kind training.
KNOW CurriculumEdition 7- December 2014 revised and edited by Janee Moore MPH, Luke Syphard MPH, and David Heal MSW
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